Fungicidal nitro organic sulfur compounds

ABSTRACT

Compounds of the formula:   WHERE R1 and R2 are hydrogen or alkyl; R3 is alkyl or phenyl; R4 and R5 are hydrogen or methyl; R6 is a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon; and N IS 0 OR 1; ARE USEFUL AS FUNGICIDES. Typical compounds are: 1-METHYL-2-NITROETHYL O-TOLYL SULFONE 1-METHYL-2-NITROETHYL N-BUTYL SULFONE 1-METHYL-2-NITROETHYL METHYL SULFONE 1-PHENYL-2-NITROETHYL-2-NAPHTHYL SULFONE 1-PHENYL-2-NITROETHYL M-TOLYL SULFONE 1-PHENYL-2-NITROETHYL M-METHOXYPHENYL SULFONE.

[ May 6,1975

[ FUNGICIDAL NlTRO ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS [75] lnventor: Greg A. Bullock, Wilmington, Del.

[73] Assignee: E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Del.

[22] Filed: Nov. 1, 1973 [21] Appl. No; 412,039

Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 246,495, April 21, i972, Pat.

[52] US. Cl. 424/337 [5|] Int. Cl. A0ln 9/00; A01n 9/12 [58] Field of Search 424/337; 260/607 A Heath: J. Chem. Soc., Part ll, 1947, pp. 1477-148]. Kharasch: J. Amer. Chem. 800., Vol. 75, Mar. 5, i953, pp. l077l081.

Cason: J. Amer. Chem. Soc, Vol. 73, pp. l42l45.

Primary Examiner-Albert T. Meyers Assistant Examiner-Douglas W. Robinson [57] ABSTRACT Compounds of the formula:

where R and R are hydrogen oralkyl; R is alkyl or phenyl; R and R are hydrogen or methyl; R is a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon; and n is 0 or i;

are useful as fungicides. Typical compounds are:

l-methyl-2-nitroethyl o-tolyl sulfone l-methyl-2-nitroethyl n-butyl sulfone I-methyl-Z-nitroethyl methyl sulfone l-phenyl-2-nitroethyl-2-naphthyl sulfone l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl m-tolyl sulfone l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl m-methoxyphenyl sulfone.

19 Claims, No Drawings FUNGlClDAL NITRO ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a divisional application of my co pending U.S. Ser. No. 246,495, filed Apr. Zl, l972, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,792,093.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Under certain conditions, crop and ornamental plants may be attacked by plant pathogenic fungi resulting in severely damaged or even dead host plants. Such depredation is accompanied by a vast economic loss throughout the world each year.

Chemical control is often the only feasible means of attacking a disease problem, and although numerous fungicides are available which aid in preventing disease of agricultural crops, each of these has practical deficiencies which restrict its use. Among these deficiencies are limited spectrum of activity, excessive phytotoxicity to certain crops, high cost, discomfort to the applicator, toxicity hazard to the applicator or the food consuming public, undesirable (either inadequate or excessive) residual life on the crop parts, lack of compatibility with other chemicals that need also to be applied to the crop in question, and unsuitahility for desired type of formulation The addition to the growers fungicide arsenal of further highly active compounds with desirable use characteristics would represent a substantial contribution in the struggle to produce adequate food for the world population.

This invention provides compounds and methods by which fungal damage to agricultural crops is mitigated or prevented by using small amounts of chemical, with minimum effort, without discomfort or hazard to the operator and without reducing in any way the utility. safety, or quality of agricultural products so protected.

A wide variety of diseases of foliage, fruit, stems and roots of growing plants is controlled by the practice of this invention without damage to the host. Fruits, tubers, bulbs, roots, seeds, and other plant parts harvested for food, animai feeds, or for other purposes are protected from fungal deterioration during processing, distribution, and storage, Seeds, tubers, cuttings. and other plant propagation materials are protected from fungal attack during handling and storage, as well as in the soil after planting.

SUMMARY OF THE lNVENTlON One aspect of the invention is a method for protecting a locus from damage by fungi by applying to the locus a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of the formula:

where R, and R are each independently hydrogen or alkyl of l4 carbon atoms; R is alkyl of l4 carbon atoms or phenyl; and R and R5 are each independently hydrogen or methyl;

R is alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3-6 carbon atoms, alkylcycloalakyl of 4-7 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl of 4-7 carbon atoms, 1- or Z-naphthyl or wherein X is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl of l-l2 car hon atoms, nitro, or alkoxy of 1-4 carbon atoms; and Y is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl of l4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of [-4 carbon atoms with the provision that the total number of carbon atoms in X and Y may not exceed 12; n is O or 1 provided that when R is other than aryl,

n is 0 and R must be alkyl of l4 carbon atoms. Preferred for activity against Rhizopus and Aspergillus are compounds as in formula l above wherein R is alkyl of l4 carbon atoms. Compounds that are more preferred for this type of activity are those wherein R and R are each independently hydrogen or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms; R;, is alkyl of l4 carbon atoms; R, and R are each independently hydrogen or methyl; R6 is alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3-6 carbon atoms, or

where X is hydrogen, alkyl of l4 carbon atoms, or alkoxy of l4 carbon atoms; and Y is hydrogen; n is (l or i provided that when R,, is other than aryl.

n is O. The most preferred compounds are: l-methyl-2-nitroethyl o-tolyl sulfone l-methyl-2-nitroethyl n-hutyl sulfone l-methyl-2-nitroethyl methyl sulfone Preferred for their foliar type activity against organisms such as late blight are compounds as in formula I above wherein R is phenyl and R is lor 2naphthyl or where X is halogen, methoxy. o-methyl, or m-methyl; Y is hydrogen, and n is O or 1.

Compounds that are more preferred for this foliar type activity are as above defined with regard to formula I wherein:

R and R are hydrogen; R is phenyl'. R..- is lor Z-naphthyl or where X is halogen, methoxy. o-methyl. or m-methyl; Y is hydrogen; and n is U. The most preferred compounds are: l-phenyI-Z-nitroethyI-Z-naphthyl sulfone l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl m-tolyl sulfone lphenyl2-nitroethyl m-methoxyphenyl sulfone DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Preparation of the Active Compounds; The sulfide intermediates to the compounds of Formula I can be prepared as illustrated by the following [n the method of Equation 1. a properly substituted mercaptan is reacted with a nitroalkene and a catalytic amount of a tertiary amine at 100C. The resulting sultide is usually isolated as an oil in nearly quantitative yield.

The sulfones of Formula I are prepared according to the following equation:

in the method of Equation 2. the crude sulfide from Equation 1 is dissolved in chloroform and oxidized at 0C with either 40% peracetic acid or 30% hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid. After evaporating the solvent and washing the residue with hexane. the desired sulfone is isolated as an essentially pure solid.

A few of the sulfones useful in practicing the method of this invention have been previously prepared by Cason and Wasser in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73. I42 [95 l) and Heath and Lambert in J. Chem. Soc. 1477(1947). Compositions:

Compositions of the present invention can be prepared by mixing at least one of the compounds of formula (l) with pest control adjuvants or modifiers to provide compositions in the form of dusts. waterdispersible powders, high-strength concentrates. aqueous dispersions or emulsions and solutions or disper sions in organic liquids.

Thus. the compounds of formula (I) can be used with a carrier or diluent agent such as a finely divided solid. an organic liquid. water, a wetting agent. a dispersing agent, an emulsifying agent, or any suitable combination of these.

Compositions of the invention, especially liquids and wettable powders, contain as a conditioning agent one or more surface-active agents, sometimes called surfac tants. in amounts sufficient to render a given composition containing the compounds of formula (I) readily dispersible in water or in oil.

The surfaceactive agent uused in this invention can be a wetting. dispersing or an emulsifying agent which will assist dispersion of the compound. The surfaceactive agent or surfactant can include such anionic, cationic and non-ionic agents as have heretofore been generally employed in plant control compositions of similar type. Suitable surface-active agents are set forth. for example, in Detergents and Emulsifiers 1970 Annual by John W. McCutcheon, Inc.

In general. less than 10% by weight of the surfaceactive agent will be used in compositions of this invention and ordinarily the amount of surface-active agents will range from l-SV: but may even be less than l"/( by R R R C S-C C-NO r I 1 weight.

is preferred that the surfactant be present in the range of one-fifth to five parts surfactant for each part of active agent.

In the compositions of this invention. such as wettable powders. suspensions. and slurries. it is preferred to have the active compounds present in the proper amount and in a fine particle size in order to obtain optimum activity. The desired fine particle size can be obtained. for example. by fine grinding. Preferred grinders to obtain such fine particles include ball and pebble mills, sand mills. air mills. pin or stud mills. Attritorsfwhizzer mills. ring-roller mills, disk mills and the like. Regardless of the type of grinder used, the grinding process must be carried out under conditions to assure that the product which is made shall have an adequately fine particle size. Particle size classifiers can be used in conjunction with the grinders to help meet this requirement. The use ofa grinding aid also helps obtain the desired particle size.

These very finely divided forms of the active ingredient are surprisingly more active than formulations of conventional particle size. The finely divided form has improved penetration into the plants and thus enhances the curative effect. These fine particles also have improved solubility characteristics. Further. these forms are stable and have good residual activity. thus providing preventive control. With many fungicides. a reduction in particle size can lead to problems with phytotoxicity; this is not the case with the finely divided forms of this invention.

By very finely divided form it is meant that the particle size is predominantly less than microns in diameter with at least 40% by weight of the active compound. and preferably 60% by weight. in the form of particles below 2 microns in diameter. The particle size refers to the ultimate particle size as it exists in the spray droplet or dust which contacts the plant. In the dry compositions. or even in the spray slurry before spraying, the fine particles can exist as floccules or aggregates, or agglomerates. in which several fine particles are associated together.

A. wettable Powders Wettable powders are water-dispersible compositions containing the active material. an inert solid extender. and one or more surfactants to provide rapid wetting and prevent heavy flocculation when suspended in water.

The inert extenders which are preferred for use in the wettable powders of this invention containing the compounds of formula l are of mineral origin.

The classes of extenders suitable for the wettable powder formulations of this invention are the natural clays. diatomaceous earth, and synthetic mineral fillers derived from silica and silicate. Most preferred fillers for this invention are kaolinites. attapulgite clay. montmorillonite clays, synthetic silicas. synthetic magnesium silicate and calcium sulfate dihydrate.

Suitable surfactants for use in such compositions are those listed by J. W. McCutcheon in Detergents and Emulsifiers l970 Annual. Among the more preferred surfactants are the non-ionic and anionic type. and those most suitable for the preparation of the dry. wettable products of this invention are solid forms of compounds known to the art as wetters and dispersants. Occasionally a liquid, non-ionic compound classified primarily as an emulsifier may serve as both wetter and dispersant.

Most preferred wetting agents are alkylbenzeneand alkylnaphthalenesulfonates. sulfated fatty alcohols. amines or acid amides. long-chain acid esters of sodium isethionates. esters of sodium sulfosuccinate, sulfated or sulfonated fatty acid esters. petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated vegetable oils. and ditertiary acetylenic glycols. Preferred dispersants are methyl cellulose. polyvinyl alcohol, lignin sulfonates. polymeric alkylnaphthalenesulfonates. sodium naphthalenesulfonate. polymethylene bisnaphthalenesulfonate. and sodium N-methyl-N-(long-chain acid)taurates.

Wetting and dispersing agents in these preferred wettable powder compositions of this invention are usually present at concentrations of from about 0.5 weight percent to 5 weight percent. The inert extender then completes the formulation. Where needed. O.l weight percent to 1.0 weight percent of the extender may be reill placed by a corrosion inhibitor or an anti-forming agent or both.

Thus. wettable powder formulations of the invention will contain from about 25 to 90 weight percent active material. from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent wetting agent, from 0.25 to 5.0 weight percent dispersant. and from 9.25 to 74.25 weight percent inert extender. as these terms are described above.

When the wettable powder contains a corrosion inhibitor or an anti-forming agent or both. the corrosion inhibitor will not exceed about 1 percent ofthe composition, and the anti-forming agent will not exceed about 0.5 percent by weight of the composition. both replacing equivalent amounts of the inert extender.

B. High-Strength Compositions and Aqueous Suspension Concentrates High-strength compositions generally consist of 90 to 99.5% active ingredient and 0.5 to 10% of a liquid or solid surfactant such as those described by McCutcheon in Detergents and Emulsifiers" 1970 Annual. Such high-strength composititons can often be used in a manner similar to the wettable powders but they are also suitable for further formulation.

The aqueous suspension concentrates are prepared by mixing together and sandgrinding an aqueous slurry of water-insoluble active ingredient in a presence of dispersing agents. Thus there is obtained a concentrated slurry of very finely divided particles in which the active ingredient is substantially all below 5 microns in size. This concentrated aqueous suspension is characterized by its extremely small particle size so that upon diluting and spraying, a very uniform coverage is obtained.

These aqueous suspension concentrates will contain from l5 to 40% active ingredient. from 45 to water with the remainder made up of surfactants. corrosion inhibitors. and suspending agents.

Suspensions in organic liquids can be prepared in a similar manner such as by replacing the water with mineral oil.

C. Dusts Dusts are dense powder compositions which are intended for application in dry form. in accordance with the preferred compositions and methods of the invention. Dusts are characterized by their free-flowing and rapid settling properties so that they are not readily windborne to areas where their presence is not desired. They contain primarily an active material and a dense. free-flowing. solid extender.

Their performance is sometimes aided by the inclusion of a wetting agent. and convenience in manufacture frequently demands the inclusion of an inert. absorptive grinding aid. For the dust compositions of this invention. the inert extender may be either of vegetable or mineral origin. the wetting agent is preferably anionic or non-ionic, and suitable absorptive grinding aids are of mineral origin.

Suitable classes of inert solid extenders for use in the dust compositions are those organic or inorganic powders which possess high bulk density and are very freeflowing. They are also characterized by possessing relatively low surface areas and are poor in liquid absorption. Suitable classes of grinding aids are natural clays. diatomaceous earths. and synthetic mineral fillers derived from silica or silicate. Among ionic and non-ionic wetting agents. the most suitable are the members of the group known to the art as wetting agents and emulsifiers. Although solid agents are preferred because of case in incorporation some liquid nonionic agents are also suitable in the dust formulations.

Preferred inert solid extenders for the dusts of this invention are mieaceous tales. pyrophyllite. dense knolin clays. tobacco dust and other flours of organic origin.

Preferred grinding aids are attapulgite clay. diatomaceous silica. synthetic fine silica and synthetic calcium and magnesium silicates. Preferred wetting agents are those previously described under wcttablc powder formulations.

The inert solid extenders in the dusts ofthis invention are usually present in concentrations of from about 30 to 90 weight percent of the total composition. The grinding aid will usually constitute 5 to St) weight per cent ofthe composition. and the wetting agent will con stitute from about 0 to l.U weight percent of the composition. Dust compositions can also contain other surfactants such as dispersing agents in concentrations of up to about 0.5 weight percent.

The wettable powders described above can also be used in the preparation of dusts. While such wcttablc powders could be used directly in dust form. it is more advantageous to dilute them by blending with the dense dust diluent. in this manner. dispersing agents. corro sion inhibitors. and anti-foam agents may also be found as components of a dust.

Thus. the dust compositions of this invention will comprise about 5 to It) weight percent active material. 5 to 50 weight percent absorptive filter. to 1.0 weight percent wetting agent, and about 30 to 9t] weight percent dense. free-flowing dust diluent. as these terms are used herein. Such dust formulations can contain. in ad dition. minor amounts of dispersants. corrosion inhibitors. and anti-foam agents. derived from the welt-able powders used to make the dusts.

D. Emulsifiable ()ils Emulsifiable oils are usually solutions of active material in non-water miscible solvents together with a surfactant.

For the compounds of this invention. emulsifiable oils can be made by mixing the active ingredient with a sohent and surfactant. Suitable solvents for the compounds of this invention are aromatic hydrocarbons in eluding many weed oils. chlorinated soivents, and non water miscible esters. or ketones. Suitable surfactants are those anionic or non-ionic agents known to the art as emulsifying agents. Such compounds can be found iisted in "Detergents and Emulsifiers lJT/l) Annual by John W. McCutcheon. inc.

Emulsifying agents most suitable for the emulsifiable oil compositions of this invention are long-chain alkyl or mercaptan polyethoxy alcohols. alkylaryl polyeth oxy alcohols. sorbitan fatty acid esters. polyoxycthyl cnc cthers with sorbitan fatty acid esters. polyethylene glycol esters with fatty or rosin acids. fatty alkylol amide condensates. calcium and amine salts of fatty alcohol sulfates. oil soluble petroleum sulfonatcs or. pref erably. mixtures of these emulsifying agents. Such emulsifying agents will comprise from about 1 to it) weight percent of the total composition. As described above, however. up to 5 parts of emulsifying agent for each part of sulfone can be used.

Thus. crnulsifiable oil compositions of the present invention will consist of from about l5 to St) weight per cent active material. about 4b to H2 weight percent sol vent. and about i to ltl weight percent emulsifier. as

these terms are defined and used above.

In some instances the oil solution may be intended merely for extension with other oils. such as weed oils. In this instance the emulsifying agents may be omitted and may be replaced by addition solvent.

E. Ultra-lowvolume Applications While conventional applications of sprayable formulations have usually been made in a dilute form (for example at a rate of about 200 liters per hectare or more). the compounds ofthis invention can also be applied at higher concentrations in the typical ultra-lowvolume" or low-volume applications from aircraft or ground sprayers. For this purpose wcttable powders can be dispersed in small amounts of aqueous or nonaqueous carrier. The suspension or emulsifiable concentratcs can be used directly or with minor dilution. Special compositions particularly suitable for low volume applications are solutions or finely divided suspensions in one or more carriers such as dialkylformamides. N-alkylpyrrolidones, dimethyl sulfoxide. water, esters. ketones. glycols. glycol ethers and the like. Other suitable carriers include aromatic hydrocarbons (halogenated and non'halogenated). aliphatic hydro carbons thalogenated and non-halogenated} and the like.

Utility:

The many fungi against which the compounds and methods of this invention are effective may be represented by. but are not limited to the following: Phyrophf/mm injiarlam. which causes late blight of potato and tomato; P/iyroplirlwm cinnamomi', which causes root rot of many perennial plants and heart rot of pineapple. P/zymphr/mm parusin'cu and P/zymphl/mm ciimplirhoru. which cause root rot and brown fruit rot ofcitrus'. Flam muparu vim-via. which causes downy mildew of grape; Pseuduperuimspuru cubcusii. which causes downy mil dew of cucurbits; P/iyIuphI/mru plzaseufr'. which causes downy mildew of lima bean; Peronospuru efjiisu. which causes downy mildew of spinach; Veizluriu inuequu/is. which causes apple scab; Hel'minrhuspurum Iurcicum and Hc/minrhmporum muydi's which causes Northern and Southern corn leaf blights; Heiminrhosporium .ralivum. Helmnir/mspnrum grumineum. Helminrliosporum ft'f'fS. Hclmimlmsporum curbrmnm. and Helmimhos- [)rH'HJH vicmrmv which causes leaf spots. seedling blights. and root rots of small grains and corn. Al!erna ri'u tennis which causes brown leaf spot on tobacco and acts as a secondary parasite on a number of crops; Al- Iernuriu hmsricu. liternuriu cucumerinu. Airernaria dean. and Alrernariu SU/Ultf which attack plants in the CrucifcraC. Cucurbitaccae. Umbelliferac. and Solanaccae families; (iibbereli'u 10036 which causes seedling blight and other diseases of corn and small grains. Gibherellu fiijr'kuroi' which causes kernel rot of corn and bakanac disease" of rice; and Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp. which cause decay and produce mycotoxins in stored grains and foodstuffs; Pythium spp. which cause damping-off and root rot; Rhigoclonia suluni which causes soreshin of cotton and beans; Thielaviop- .rilr htlAfCU/(I which causes root rot of tobacco and cotton. Fusarium spp. which cause root rot of beans. cabbage and other plants; .S'clemrim'a .rclemu'orrmr which causes soft rot or dampingoff in carrots; Verticillium spp. which cause defoliation of cotton; and Rlir'zopus mgr-rum. which causes soft rot of many vegetables and fruit.

The compounds of this invention provide protection from damage caused by certain fungi when applied to the proper locus by the methods described hereinafter and at a sufficient rate to exert the desired effect. They are especially suited for the protection of living plants such as fruit-bearing trees. nut-bearing trees. ornamen tal trees. forest trees. vegetable crops. horticultural crops (including ornamentals. small fruits. and berriesl. fiber crops. grain and seed crops. sugarcane. sugar beets. pineapple. forage and hay crops. beans. peas. soybeans. peanuts. potatoes, sweet potatoes. tobacco. hops. turf. and pasture.

Living plants may be protected from fungi by applying one or more of the compounds of this invention to the soil in which they are growing or in which they may subsequently be seeded or planted. to seeds. tubers. bulbs. or other plant reproductive parts prior to planting. as well as to foiliage. stems. and/or fruit of the living plant.

Soil applications are made from dusts. slurries or solution. Preferred rates for application of the compounds of this invention to soil in which plants are or will be growing range from I to 500 parts per million by weight of the soil in which the roots are or will be growing. More preferred use rates are in the range of 2 to 200 parts per million. The most preferred rates are in the range of 5 to 50 parts per million.

For control of soil fungi the compounds ofthis invention may be applied as broadcast or band treatments either prior to or at planting time. They may also be ap plied as a side-dress to living plants on the surface. or shanked or drenched into the soil. When applied in a band they may be soilincorporated by rotovation. An alternative and very useful band treatment consists of spraying. dusting or sprinkling granules or pellets into the open furrow either just prior to or just following seed placement. and then closing the furrow. Generally. the more evenly the material is applied. the more uniformly it will protect the plants against the fungi.

Preferred rates for application to seeds. tubers. bulbs. or other plant reproductive parts range from 1 to 100 grams of active compound ofthis invention per kilo of planting material treated. More preferred rates are in the range ofZ to 75 grams of active compound per kilo. The most preferred rates are in the range of 5 to 50 grams per 100 kilos. Applications of this type are made from dusts. slurries or solutions.

Preferred rates of application for the compounds of this invention to foliage. stems. and for fruit of living plants range from 0.25 to 50 kilograms of active ingredient per hectare. More preferred rates are in the range of 0.5 to kilos per hectare. The most preferred rates are in the range of 1.0 to 15 kilograms per hectare. The optimum amount within this range depends upon a number of variables which are well known to those skilled in the art of plant protection. The variables include. but are not limited to. the disease to be controlled. weather conditions expected. the type of crop. stage of development of the crop. and the interval between applications. Applications within the range given may need to be repeated one or many more times at intervals of l to 60 days. Applications are made from dusts. slurries or solutions.

Plant parts such as fruits. tubers. bulbs. foliage. roots and the like. harvested for food or feed. are protected from decay and other deterioration caused by fungi during processing. distribution and storage by treatment with an active compound of this invention. The plant parts to be so protected can be clipped in a liquid bath containing the active ingredient. dusted with a finely divided preparation of the active ingredient. sprayed. misted with an aerosol containing the compounds. or enclosed in wrapping or packing materials impregnated with the active compound.

If a liquid bath is used. it can contain an amount of the active ingredient in the range of 1 to 5.000 parts per million of the weight of the fluid. A more preferred range for the bath is 5 to 2.500 parts per million. and the most preferred range is 10 to 1.000 parts per million.

Dusts as well as wrapping or packing materials used for this type of application can contain 0.01 to 1092 of the active ingredient. More preferred rates are in the range of 0.] to 5% and the most preferred rates are in the range of 0.2 to 2.5%

The pressures of an expanding world population. together with the need for more economical agricultural practices have resulted in earlier harvesting of grains. including corn. Frequently the corn is stored or sold to grain elevators without proper drying. Spoilage of the grain under these conditions may be quite rapid. with the formation of toxins and other substances that are very harmful or fatal when fed to animals.

Safe. effective feed additives that combat spoilage are thus of great importance to agriculture.

The compounds of this invention can be used to prevent the spoilage of animal feeds. In particular. when mixed with the feed. they provide more efficient and longer lasting protection without harm or injury to livestock that consume it. The compounds ofthis invention may be conveniently formulated for this use in a number of the ways previously disclosed and these formulations may be mixed directly with mixed feed. newly harvested hay and newly harvested grain. These compounds effectively prevent the spoilage of corn. sorghum. wheat. barley. oats, rye and other grains that may be used as livestock feed.

Under normal conditions. these compounds may be incorporated into feeds at rates of from 0.01% to 0.2571 with excellent results. Higher rates may be re quired under very damp conditions. The more volatile compounds are more effective when confined as a fumigant.

The compounds may also be used to improve the performance of other feed additives. such as sodium propi' onate. by mixing the two additives directly. or by adding them separately to the feed to be protected.

Wood. leather. fabric. fiber board. paper and other industrial materials of an organic nature can be pro' tected from decomposition 0r discoloration by fungi by coating. incorporating. fumigating or impregnating with an effective amount of one or more of the compounds of this invention. The coating can be accomplished by dipping. spraying. flooding. misting (as with an aerosol) or dusting the material to be protected with a suitable composition containing the active ingredient. The preferred use rates for the active ingredient in the treating preparation actually applied to the material to be protected are in the range of 0.025 to 7r by weight. More preferred rates are in the range of 0.05 to 50%. with the most preferred rates being in the range of 0.1 to 25%.

Where incorporation or impregnation procedures are to be employed. use rates may be expressed in terms of the amount of active ingredient introduced into the material to be protected. The preferred use rates for these types of applications are in the range of 0.001 to 30 percent by weight of active ingredient in the final prod uct. More preferred rates are "-1 range of 0.005 to L59? with the most preferred rates being in the range of 0.0! to 571.

Luggage. shoes. shower curtains. carpets. mats. clothing and other useful household. public or industrial items are protected from rot. fungus stains and unsightly mold growth by the active compounds of this invention. Again. either surface or deep protection can be obtained. Surface treatment is by dips. washes. sprays. aerosols or dust applications. Deep treatment is accomplished by penetrating solutions. Sprays. dips and washes contain the active compound of the invention at rates of 10 to 5.000 parts per million. Fluids for aerosol application and dusts contain 0.1 to 2071 by weight. Penetrating solvent solutions contain an amount of the active ingredient that results in a deposit of 5 to 20.000 parts per million in the material to be protected.

Painted surfaces can be protected from unsightly stain and mold growth by incorporating in the paint formulation. prior to application. 5 to 20.000 parts per million of an active compound of this invention. More preferred rates are in the range of to l0.000 parts per million and the most preferred rates are in the range of to 5.000 parts per million. Such treatments with the compounds of this invention also protect the paint while still in the can from deterioration by fungi.

As was pointed out earlier. the compounds of this invention are especially suited for use on living plants. Application to the foliage. stems and fruit of plants at the rate indicated above is generally accomplished by employing sprays. dusts or aerosols containing the proper amount of active ingredient. For the control of fungi which are regularly present. applications often start prior to the time that the problem actually appears and continue on a pre-determined schedule. Such a procedure is termed preventive' or protective.

Disease control with the compounds of this invention is sometimes improved by including a proper quantity of a surface active agent in the spray or dust applied to the plant. The most preferred surface active agents for this purpose include vinyl or other polymeric resins. glycol esters. ethoxylated fatty acids. alcohol sulfates. lecithin and lecithin derivatives. isethionates. certain phosphate derivatives. and taurates. Somewhat less preferred but. nevertheless. effective surface active agents include sulfosuccinate derivatives. ethoxylated fatty esters and oils. ethoxylated alcohols. and dodecyland tridecylbenzenesulfonates and free acids. Examples of specific surface active agents in each of these several categories are listed on pages I l to 17 inclusive in Detergents and Emulsifiers" I970 Annual published by John W. McCutcheon. lnc.. 236 Mt. Kemble Avenue. Morristown. NJ.

The preferred rates for these surfactants when used in sprays are in the range from 10 to 100.000 parts per million of the spray fluid. More preferred rates are in the range of to 30.000 parts per million. The most preferred rates are in the range of 100 to l0.000 parts per million.

For dusts. the preferred surfactant rates are in the range of l .000 to 300.000 parts per million of the material actually applied. More preferred rates are in the range of 5.000 to 200.000 parts per million and the most preferred rates are in the range of 10.000 to 100.000 parts per million.

To the active ingredient of this invention. one or more conventional insecticides. miticides. bactericides. nematicides. fungicides. or other agricultural chemicals such as fruit set agents. fruit thinning compounds. fertilizer ingredients and the like. may be added so that the compositions can serve useful purposes in addition to the control of fungi. The additional pesticides are employed in mixtures or combinations in amounts ranging from one-tenth to ten times that of the compound or compounds of this invention. The proper choice of amounts for the added pesticides is readily made by one skilled in the art of protecting plants from pest depredations.

The following are illustrative of the agricultural chemicals that can be included in the compositions or. additionally. that may be added to sprays containing one or more of the active compounds.

sulfur;

methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl-2- benzimidazolecarbamate (benomyl methyl Z-benzimidazolecarbamate;

p-dichlorobenzene;

napthalene;

tetraalkylthiuram disulfide such as tetramethylthiuram;

disulfide or tetraethylthiuram disulfide',

metal salts of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid. e.g..

manganese, zinc, iron and sodium salts (maneb. zineb. etc);

pentachloronitrobenzene;

N-dodecylguanidine acetate (dodine);

N-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-4-cyclohexene-1.2-

dicarboximide (captan);

2.4-dichloro-6-( o-chloroaniline )-a-triazine rene);

l.4-dichloro-2.S-dimethoxybenzene (chloroneb);

metal (e.g.. iron. sodium and zinc). ammonium and amine salts of dialkyl dithiocarbamic acids; triphenyltin acetate (fentin acetate); hexachlorobenzene;

hexachlorophene;

tribasic copper sulfate;

tetrachloroquinone;

l.Z-dibromo-B-chloropene;

l.Z-dibromo-3-chloropropaneL dichloropropane dichloropropene mixture ethylene dibromide chloropicrin sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate tetrachloroisophthalonitrile 2-( 2.4.5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid l.2.3.4.5.6-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) (Dry methyl N-( methylcarbamoyloxy )tl'liolacetimidate (methomyl) S-methyl l-(dimethylcarbamoyl l-N- {(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]-thioformimidate (oxamyl) 1.1. l -trichloro-2.2-bis( p-methoxyphenyl )ethane (methoxychlor) l-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate (carbaryl) methylcarbamic acid. ester with l.3-dithiolan-2-one oxime 0.0-dimethyl l-hydroxy-2.2.2-trichloroethyl phosphonate (diazinon) 0.0-dimethyl S(1.2-dicarbethoxyethyl) dithiophosphate (malathion) 0.0-dimethyl 0-(3-chloro-4-nitrophenyl) thiophos' phate 0.0-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl thiosphosphate (parathion) 0.0-dimethyl 0-(2.2-dichlorovinyl) phosphate (dichlorvos) 0.0'dimethyl S-l 4-oxol ,2,3.benzotriazine-3(4H )-ylmethyl ]-phosphorodithioate (azinphosmethyl) calcium arsenate dibasic lead arsenate 0,0-diethyl -lZ-(ethylmercapto)ethyl] phate (demeton) 2,4-dinitro-6-sec-butylphenol toxaphene 0-ethyl 0-pnitrophenyl (EPN) tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) 4,4-dichloro-a-ttrichloromethyl)benzylhydrol The agricultural chemicals listed above are merely exemplary of the compounds which can be mixed with the active compounds and are not intended to any way limit the invention.

The use of pesticides such as those listed above in combination with a compound within the scope of this invention sometimes appears to greatly enhance the activity of the active compound. in other words, an unexpected degree of activity is sometimes seen when another pesticide is used along with the active compound.

The following examples illustrate the utility of the compounds within the scope of formula (1). All percentages are given by weight unless otherwise indicated.

thiophosbenzenethiophosphonate EXAMPLES In order that the invention may be better understood, the following examples are given:

PREPARATION OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of l Phenyl-2-nitroethyl o-Tolyl sulfone A mixture of 35 parts of B-nitrostyrene, thirty parts o-thiocresol and 5 drops of triethylamine is heated at i00C for 1 hour. The resulting oil is diluted with 300 parts of chloroform and cooled to 05C in an ice bath. Ninety-two parts of 40% peracetic acid is added dropwise to this stirred solution. The temperature is maintained below C during this addition. The solution is stirred at 5 for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the white solid which forms is treated with hexane and collected by filtration. Fifty-six parts of essentially pure l-phenyl-2-nitroethyl o-tolyl sulfone is obtained. The compound is purified by recrystallization from ethanol to give 49 parts of pure material, mp l16.5l 18C.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of l-Phenyl-Z-nitroethyl p-tert-Butylphenyl sulfone A mixture of six parts of B-nitrostyrene, six parts 4-tert-butylthiophenol and 5 drops of triethylamine is heated at 100C for 1 hour. The resulting brown solid is dissolved in 60 parts of chloroform and cooled at 05C in an ice bath. Fifteen parts 40% peracetic acid is added dropwise to this stirred solution. The temperature is maintained below 10C during this addition. The solution is stirred at 5 for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the white solid which forms is treated with hexane and collected by filtration. Nine parts of essentially pure l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl p-tert-butylphenyl sulfone is obtained. The compound is purified by recrystallization from acetonitrile to give eight parts of pure material. mp l77-178C.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of l-Phenyl-Z-nitroethyl m-Methoxyphenyl sulfone A mixture of five parts of Bnitrostyrene. five parts m methoxythiophenol and 5 drops of triethylamine is heated at 100C for 1 hour. The resulting oil is diluted with parts of chloroform and cooled to 05C in an ice bath. Thirteen parts of 40% peracetic acid is added dropwise to this stirred solution. The temperature is maintained below 10C during this addition. The solution is stirred at 5 for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the white solid which forms is treated with hexane and collected by filtration. Five parts of essentially pure 1-phenyl-2-nitroethyl m-methoxyphenyl sulfone is obtained. The compound is purified by recrystallization from methanol to give three parts of pure material, mp

l21l22.5C.

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of l-Phenyl-Z-nitroethyl p-Bromo phenyl sulfone A mixture of six parts of B-nitrostyrene. eight parts 4 bromothiopheno1 and 5 drops of triethylamine is heated at C for 1 hour. The resulting oil is diluted with 50 parts of chloroform and cooled to ()5C in an ice bath. Sixteen parts of 40% peracetic acid is added dropwise to this stirred solution. The temperature is maintained below 10C during this addition. The solution is stirred at 5 for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the white solid which forms is treated with hexane and collected by filtration. Fifteen parts of essentially pure l-phenyl-2-nitroethyl p-hromophenyl sulfone is ob tained. The compound is purified by recrystallization from methanol to give thirteen parts of pure material. mp 146-148C.

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of l- Phenyl-Z-nitroethyl Benzyl sulfone A mixture of six parts of B-nitrostyrene, five parts benzyl mercaptan and 5 drops of triethylamine is heated at 100C for 1 hour. The resulting oil is diluted with 50 parts of chloroform and cooled to 05C in an ice bath. Sixteen parts of 40% peracetic acid is added dropwise to this stirred solution. The temperature is maintained below 10C during this addition. The solution is stirred at 5 for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the white solid which forms is treated with hexane and collected by filtration. Thirteen parts of essentially pure l-phenyl-lnitroethyl benzyl sulfone is obtained. The compound is purified by recrystallization from methanol to give 10 parts of pure material. mp l47C.

EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of 1-Phenyl-2-nitroethyl p-Methoxybenzyl sulfone A mixture of six parts of B-nitrostyrene, six parts pmethoxybenzyl mercaptan and 5 drops of triethylamine is heated at 100C for lhour. The resulting oil is diluted with 50 parts of chloroform and cooled to 05C in an ice bath. Fifteen parts of 40% peracetic acid is added dropwise to this stirred solution. The temperature is maintained below 10C during this addition. The solution is stirred at 5 for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the white solid which forms is treated with hexane and collected by filtration. Nine parts of essentially pure Table Continued Benzyl Mercaptan Nitrostyrene Starting Reactant Starting Reactant Sulfone Product B-isohutyl-[i-nitrostyrene B-nitrostyrene 2.6-dirnethoxyhenzyl mercaptan 3.4-dirnethoxyhenzyl mercaptan 3.5diethylbenzyl mercaptan 2-isopropyl-4-fluorohenzyl rnercaptan 2,,4-diisupropylhenzyl mercaplan B-nitrostyrene B-methyl-B-nitrostyrene B-methyl-flnitrostyrene Z-undecyl-4-methylbenzyl merliethyLfi-nitrostyrene captan 2-tert-hutyl-4-methylhenzyl mercaptan 3,4-dimethylbenzyl mercaptan BisopropyI-B-nitrostyrene l3-isobutyI-B-nitrostyrene B-n itrostyrene B-methyl-flnitrostyrene fiethyl-fl-nitrostyrene captan S-bromo-d-hydroxybenzyl merfi-methyl-fi-nltrostyrene captan benzyl mercaptan o-chlorobenzyl mercaptan o-methylbenzyl mercaptan p-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptan Brnethyl-finitrostyrene B-methyl-flnitrostyrene B-methyl-B-nitrostyrene fi-ethyl-fi-nitrostyrene m-methoxybenzyl mercaptan B methyl-B-nitrostyrene p-bromobenzyl mercaptan p-fluorobenzyl mercaptan m-iodobenzyl mercaptan fi-n-propyl-B-nitrostyrene B-n-butyl-B-nitrostyrene B-isobutyl-fi-nitmstyrene o hydroxybenzyl mercaptan B-isopropyl-finitroslyrene p-ethylbenzyl mercaptan B-methyl-B-nitrostyrene 3.4-dlchlorobenzyl mercaptan B'methyl-B-nitrostyrene 2.5-dimethylbenzyl mercaptan B-methyl-B-nitrostyrene a-methylbenzyl mercaptan B-nilrostyrene mcrdimethylbenzyl mercaptan B-nitrostyrene l-pheny|-2nitro-4-methylpentyl 2.fi-dimethoxybenzyl sulfone I-phenyl-2-nitroethyl 3.4-dimethoxyhenzyl sulfone l-pheny1-2-nilroethyl 3,5-diethylhenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-2-nitropropyl 2-impropyl-4-lluorobenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-2-nitropropyl 2.4-diisopropylbenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-Z-nitrobutyl 2-undecyl-4-methylbenzy1 sulfone l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl 2-tert-butyl-4-methylbenzyl sulfone l-pheny1-2-nitroethyl 3.4-dimethylbenzyl sulfone l-phenyLZ-nitroethyl 3-hydroxy-4-tertbutoxybenzyl sulfone I-phenyl-2-nitro-J-methylbutyl 2-hydroxy-4- methoxyhenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-l-nitrot-methylpenlyl Z-hydroxy- 5-isopropoxybenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl 3-hydroxy-5-tertbutylhenzyl sulfone I-fienylQ-nitropropyl Z-hydroxyidodecylnzyl sulfone l-phenyl-Z-nitrobutyl J-methyl-d-hydroxybenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-Z-nitropropyl 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzyl sulfone 1-phenyl-2-nitropropyl benzyl sulfone nitropropyl o-chlorobenzyl sulfone l-phenyl- -nitropropyl o-methylbenzyl sulfone l-phenyI-2-nitrobulyl p-tert-hutylbenzyl sulfone LphenyI-Z-nitropropyl m-methoxybenzyl sulfone 1-phenyl-2-nitroentyl p-hromobenzyl sulfone l-phenyI-Z-nitro exyl p-tluorobenzyl sulfone I-phenyl-2-nitro-4-methylpentyl m-iodobenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-2-nitro-3-methylbutyl o-hydroxybenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-2-nitropropyl p-ethylbenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-Z-nitropropyl 3,4-dichlorobenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-2-nitropropyl 2 5-dimethylbenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl a-methylbenzyl sulfone l-phenyl-lnitroethyl a a-dimethylbenzyl sulfone EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of l-Methyl-Z-nitroethyl o-Tolyl Sulfide A mixture of 35 parts of l-nitro-l-propene (J. Chem. Soc.. 1471 1947)], 50 parts o-thiocresol and 5 drops triethylamine is heated at 100C for 15 minutes. The resulting brown oil is essentially pure l-methyl-Z- nitroethyl o-tolyl sulfide: n D 1.5563; nmr (CDCl;,) 6

1.35 (d, 3.1 7H2, CH -,CH). 2.40 (s. 3. benzylic 50 m. H3CH). 4.37 (d, 2,1 7H2. CH NO and 7.27 ppm (m. 4. aromatic).

EXAMPLE 9 Preparation of l-Methyl-2-nitroethyl o-Tolyl Sulfone zation from ethanol to give twenty-two parts of pure material, mp 64-66C.

EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of l-Methyl-Z-nitroethyl Z-Naphthyl Sulfide A mixture of 26 parts of l-nitro-l-propene (J. Chem. Soc., 1471. (1947)}, 48 parts 2-naphthalenethiol and 5 drops triethylamine is heated at 100C for minutes. The resulting brown oil is essentially pure I-methyI-Z-nitroethyl 2-naphthyl sulfide: n D 1.6262.

EXAMPLE l l Preparation of l-Methyl-2-nitroethyl Z-Naphthyl Sulfone Forty-nine parts of l-methyl-Z-nitroethyl Z-naphthyl sulfide is diluted with 400 parts of chloroform and cooled to O5C in an ice bath. Seventy-six parts of peracetic acid is added dropwise to this stirred solution which is maintained below 10C during the addition. The solution is stirred at 5C for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the brown solid which forms is treated with hexane and collected by filtration. Forty-four parts of essentially pure l-methyl-2-nitroethyl 2- naphthyl sulfone is obtained. The compound can be purified by recrystallization from ethanol to give 41 parts of pure material, mp l03l09C.

EXAMPLE 12 Preparation of 1-Methyl-2-nitroethyi p-Chlorobenzyl Sulfide A mixture of 26 parts of Lnitro-l-propene [.1. Chem. Soc. 1471 (1947)], 48 parts p-chlorobenzyl mercaptan and 5 drops triethylamine is heated at 100C for 15 minutes. The resulting brown oil is essentially pure l-methyl-Z-nitroethyl p-chlorobenzyl sulfide: n D 1.5634.

EXAMPLE 13 Preparation of l-Methyl-2-nitroethyl p-Chlorobenzyl Sulfone Forty-nine parts of l-methyl-2-nitroethyl pchlorobenzyl sulfide is diluted with 400 parts of chloro form and cooled to 05C in an ice bath. Seventy-six parts of 40% peracetic acid is added dropwise to this stirred solution which is maintained below C during the addition. The solution is stirred at 5C for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the white solid which forms is treated with hexane and collected by filtration. Twenty-two parts of essentially pure l-methyl-2-nitroethyl pchlorobenzyl sulfone is obtained. The compound can be purified by recrystallization from ethanol to give 18 parts of pure material, mp 4547.5C.

EXAMPLE 14 Preparation of 1.1-Dimethyl-2-nitroethyl Phenyl Sulfide A mixture of 28 parts of l-nitro-2-methyl-l-propene [1. Chem. Soc. 1518 1947)]. 31 parts thiophenol and 5 drops triethylamine is heated at 100C for 15 minutes. The resulting brown oil is essentially pure 1,1-dimethyl-2-nitroethyl phenyl sulfide: n' 'D 1.5436; nmr (CDCl;,) 5 1.50 (s, 6. (CH C), 4.57 (s. 2, -CH NO and 7.27 ppm (m, 5, aromatic).

EXAMPLE l5 Preparation of l.1-Dimethyl-2-nitroethyl Phenyl Sulfone Twenty-one parts of 1.1-dimethyl-2-nitroethyl phenyl sulfide is diluted with 400 parts of chloroform and cooled to 0-5C in an ice bath. Thirty-eight parts of Thiophenol Nitroalkene Starting Reactant thiophenol o-chlorothiophenol m-hydroxythiophenol 4-hromo-m-thiocresol p-nitrnthiophenol m-methoxythiophenol p-bromothiophenol p-hydroxythiophenol p-dodecylthiophenol p-chlornlhiophenol p-methoxythiophenol Z-naphthalenethiol o-thiocresol pmhlorothiophenol o-thioc resol p-hromothiophenol omitrothiophenol p-n-butoxythiophenol p-fluorothiophenol m-thioc resol o-ethylthiophenol o-ethoxythiophe nol Starting Reactant l -nitro-1-propene l -nitro-1hexene 3-nilro 2-methyl-2-heptene l-nitro- 1 -pentene l-nitrol propene 1 -nitro-1-propene l -nitro-1-propene l-nitro-Lmethyll -hexene l-nitro' l -propene l-nitrol 'propene l-nitro l -propene l-nitrol -hutene l-nitro-2-methyl-1-propene l-nitro-Z-methyll -propene 2-nitro-2-hutene 2-nitro-2-butene I-nitro-Z-n-butyl- 1 -hexene 2-nitro-3-methyl-2-butene 2-nitro-3-n-hutyl-2-heptene 1-nitro 1 -propene 5-nitro 6-n-butyl-5-decene 5-nitro-6-methyl-5decene 40% peracetic acid is added dropwise to this stirred solution maintaining the reaction temperature below 10C during the addition. The solution is stirred at 5C for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the white solid which forms is treated with hexane and collected by filtration. Eleven parts of essentially pure 1,1-dimethyl-2- nitroethyl phenyl sulfone is obtained. The compound can be purified by recrystallization from ethanol to give nine parts of pure material, mp 83.5-85.5C.

EXAMPLE 16 Preparation of l-Methyl-Z-nitropropyl 4-bromo-m-tolyl Sulfide A mixture of 10 parts of 2-nitro-2-butene [1. Chem. Soc., 1477 (1947)], 20 parts 4-bromo-m-thiocresol and 5 drops triethylamine is heated at 100C for 15 minutes. The resulting brown oil is essentially pure l-methyl-2-nitropropyl 4-bromo-m-tolyl sulfide: n D 1.5587.

EXAMPLE 1? Preparation of l-Methyl-Z-nitropropyl 4-Bromo-m-tolyl Sulfone Sixty-one parts of l-methyLZ-nitropropyl 4-bromom-tolyl sulfide is diluted with 400 parts of chloroform and cooled to 05C in an ice bath. Seventy-six parts of 40% peracetic acid is added dropwise to this stirred solution which is maintained below 10C during the addition. The solution is stirred at 5C for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the white solid which forms is diluted with hexane and collected by filtration. Thirty parts of essentially pure l-methyl-l-nitropropyl 4-bromo-mtolyl sulfone is obtained. The compound is purified by recrystallization from ethanol to give 25 parts of product. mp 104109C.

The following compounds are prepared as in Examples 8 through 17 by substituting the listed thiophenols or benzyl mercaptans and nitroalkenes set forth in the table for the thiophenols or benzyl mercaptans and nitroalkenes in Examples 8 through 17.

Sulfone Product l-methyl-Z-nitroethyl phenyl sulfone.

m.p. 72-73.5C

l-hutyl-Z-nitroethyl o-chlorophenyl sulfone 1.l-dimethyl-Z-nitrohexyl m-hydroxyphenyl sulfone l-propyl-Z-nitroethyl d-bromo-m-tolyl sulfone.

m.p. 68C

l-methyI-2nitroethyl pnitrophenyl sulfone.

m.p. IKE-108C l-methyI-2-nitroethyl m-methoxyphenyl sulfone l-methyl-Zmitroethyl p-hromophenyl sulfone.

m.p. Ell-83C l-hutyl-l-methy|-2-nitroethyl p-hydroxyphenyl sulfone l-methyl-Z-nitroethyl p-dodecylphenyl sulfone 1-methyl-2-nitroethyl p-chlorophenyl sulfone.

m.p. 5859.5C

l-methyl-2-nitroethyl p-methoxyphenyl sulfone.

m.p. Hi-52C l-ethyl-Z-nitroethyl Z-naphlhyl sulfone Ll-dlmethyl-Z-nitroethyl o-tolyl sulfone.

m.p. 64-67C 1.1-dimethyl-2-nitroethyl p-chlorophenyl sulfone. m.p. -10IC l-methyl-Zmitropropyl p-hromophenyl sulfone.

m.p. til-89C LI-dibutyI-Z-nitroethyl o-nitrophenyl sulfone 1,1-dimethyl-Z-nitmpropyl-p-n-butoxyphenol sulfone 1,1-dihutyl-2-nitro ropyl p-fluorophenyl sulfone l-methyLZ-nitroet yl m-tolyl sullone,

m.p. IS-99C 1,l-dibulyl-Z-nitrohexyl o-ethylphenyl sulfone l-hutyl- 1 -methyl-2-nitrohexyl o-ethoxyphenyl sulfone EXAMPLE l8 Preparation of l-Methvl-2-nitroethyl lsobutyl Sulfone A mixture of 35 parts of l-nitro-l-propene. 36 parts of 2-meth vl-l-propanethiol and 5 drops triethylamine The above ingredients are blended and hammer milled. This product is then ground in a fluid energy mill to yield a water dispersible powder in which essentially all particles of active ingredient are 5 microns or s v is allowed to stand at room temperature for l3 minutes. n 4 ThC resulting Calorie Oily l mcthy] 3 nilmethy| my A uniform field planting of Irish potatoes is selected. but vl sulfide is dissol\ ed in 500 parts of chloroform and Allcfmlle Sprayed willcrwmmnmg115m COMM m 0 c For. per Cam pcmcctic dcid (152 pension of the wettable powder described above. The parts) is added dropwise to this stirred solution which 0T ttflhle powder used lSSUClI as to provide is maintained below 10C during the addition. The so gram of thc dcm'e ll q Ol thls l P lution is stirred for one hour at 5C and then overnight mm Water: The Spray Ppllcd at weekly rb at mom temmmwm ThC 801mm is evaporated under at the rate of 1,000 liters per hectare. The remaining reduced pressure. The resulting colorless oil is essentiallv pure l-methvl-Z-nitroethvl isobutvl sulfone: n -D H Fwclw wwks L1her the mltwtmh Of the the 73 nmr (CDCI 5 L13 5, j 6H2 sprayed rows of Irish potatoes are healthy and growing CH .,CH 155 (d 3 J 7H CH CH 144 rapidly. The untreated rows. on the other hand, are im 1 CH CH 303 d 2 J (1H CHCH. heavilyinfected with the late blight fungus, Plrvmph- SO., I. 3.97 (m. 2. CH- NO- .J and 4.80 ppm (m l, l/mru infeslans. As a consequence of this fungus infec- CH- 10 tion, the plants in the untreated rows are dead or dying The following compounds are prepared as in Examand WIN produce a reduced yield. ple 18 by substituting the listed mercaptans and nitroal- Many of the other active compounds ofthis invention kenes set forth in the table for the mercaptan and nimay be formulated and applied in like manner; like retroalkene in Example l8. sults are obtained.

Mercaptun Nitroalkene Starting Reactant Starting Reactant Sulfone Product n-hexyl mercaptan l-nitro-l-hexene l-hutyl-I-nitroethyl n-hexyl sulfone n-butyl mercaptan l-nitro-l-propene Lmethyl-Z-nitroethyl n-butyl sulfone sec-but l mercaptan l-nitro-2-methyl l-hexene l-hutyl-l-methyl-2-nitroethyl sec hutyl sull'one ethyl mercaptan Z-nitro-Z-heptene l-butyl-Z-nitropropyl ethyl sulfone isopropyl mercuptan 2-nitro-3-methyl 2-hutene l.l-dimethyl-Z-nitropropyl isopropyl sull'one cyclopropvl S-nitro-S-decene l-but \l-2-nitrohexyl cyclopropyl sull'one mercaptan cyelopentyl 2-nitro-3-methyl-B-heptene l-butyl-l-methyl-2-nitropropyl cyclopentyl mercaptan sulfone Z-methyleyclohexyl l-nitro-l-propene l-methyl-Z-nitroethyl Z-methylcyclohexyl mercaptan sulfone 4 meth lcyclohextl Z-nitro-Z-hutene I-methyLZ-nitropropyl 4-methylc vclohexyl mercaptun sulfone l meth vlc vcloprop \l l-nitro-2-methyl-l-hexene l-hutyl-l-methyl-lnilroethyl Lmethyleyclomercaptan propyl sull'one llcitmethylcyclo- Z-nitro-3-methyl-2-hutene l.l-dimeth)l-Z-nitropropyl ZJ-dimethylcyeloropyl mercaptun propyl sulfone 2.. -dimeth vlcyelol-n|tro-Z-elhyl-l-hexene l-ethyl-l-hutyl-Z-nitroethyl ZJ-dimethylbut mercaptan cyclobutyl sull'one RA-dimethflcyelol-nitro-l-pentene l-propyl-Z-nitroethyl JA-dimethylcyclopentvl mercuptun pentyl sull'one 2-etl1ylc \clopent vl Z-nitro-Z-butene l-methyl-2-nitropropyl Z-ethyleyclopentyl mercaptan sull'one c vcloheyvlmethyl l-nitro-l-pentene l-propyl-Z-nitroeth)'l cyclohexylmethfl niereaptan sulfone c \clopmpylnteth \l l-nitro-l-propene l-meth vl-Z-nitroeth \l cyelopropylmethyl mercaptan sulf'one cyclopropvlethyl l-nitro-2-n-but vl-l-hexene l.l-dibutyl-2-nitroethyl cyeloprop vlethyl mercaptan sulfone Z-l' 'lflh}lC \Clfil1CK \l l-nitro-l-hexene l-hutyl-2-nitroeth3.l l methylevelohex l mercuptan sulfone cyclopentylmeth l l-nitrol-pmpene I-methyl-ZmiIroethyl cyclopentylmethyl mereaptan sulfone methyl mercuptun 2-nitro-2-butene l-meth)'l-2-nitroprop l methyl sulfone n-hut l mercaptan l-nitro-l-pentene l-prop \'l-2-nitroethyl n-hutyl sull'one methyl mercaplan I-nitro-l-propene l-meth vli-nitroethyl meth sulfone cyclohexyl mercaptan l-nitro-l-penlene l-propyl-Z-nitroelhyl cyclohexyl sulf'one UTILITY EXAMPLES EXAM PLE 2O EXAMPLE 1) Percent Percent l-phenyl-l-nitroeth l 2-napl1th \l sulfone 50 l-phenyl-lnitroethfl p-tert-hutylphenyl sulfone 7t] Dialkyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid 2 Sod um alk lnapthalenesulfonate 3 Partiall tlesulloiialted sodium ligninsull'onate 3 6 Olelc 16! of odium lselhionate 2 Kaolin Diatomaceous silica 25 The above ingredients are blended, hammer milled, and then micronized so that essentially all sulfone particles of this water dispersible powder are 5 microns or less.

A uniform field planting of tomatoes is selected. Alternate rows are sprayed with water containing a suspension of the wettable powder described above. The amount ofthe wettable powder used is much as to provide one gram of the active compound of this invention per liter of water. The spray is applied at weekly intervals at the rate of 1,000 liters per hectare. The remaining rows are left unsprayed.

Twelve weeks after the initiation of the test. the sprayed rows of tomatoes are healthy and growing rapidly. The untreated rows, on the other hand, are heavily infected with the early and late blight fungi, Allernaria solam and Phytophthora in fesrans. As a consequence of this fungus infection,the plants in the untreated rows are growing slowly and will clearly provide less yield.

Many of the active compounds of this invention may be formulated and applied in like manner with like re sults.

After mixing, the above ingredients are sand ground until essentially all particles of active compound are 5 microns or less.

A uniform field planting of Irish potatoes is selected One-half of the field is aerially sprayed with water containing a suspension of the formulation described above. The amount of formulation used is much as to provide 1 kilogram of the active compound of this invention per hectare. The spray is applied biweekly. The remaining half of the field is left unsprayed.

Twelve weeks after the initiation of the test. the Irish potatoes in the sprayed half of the field are healthy and growing rapidly. In the untreated half, the Irish potatoes are heavily infected with the late blight fungus. Phytophrhom infestans, and the plants are dead or dying, and the yield will be markedly reduced.

Many of the other active compounds of this invention may be substituted one at a time for l-phenyl-2- nitroethyl benzyl sulfone in like amount by weight. If formulated and applied in like manner. similar results are obtained.

EXAMPLE 22 Percent l-Phenyl-Z-nitroethyl m-methoxyphenyl sull'one 2'. Mixed polyoxyethylene ethers and oil soluble l sulfonatcs Aliphatic spray oil, 6U sec. viscosity 6% A mixture of the above ingredients is sand ground until essentially all particles of the sulfone are microns or less.

formulation are essentially free of peach scabv EXAMPLE 23 Percent l-Methyl-Z-nitroethyl methyl 1t) sulfone Aralkyl polyethoxyethanol l Attapulgite 25 Micaceous talc 64 Active ingredient, surfactant, and attapulgite are blended, hammer milled, and then ground in a fluid energy mill. This product is blended with the talc to give a freely flowing. finely divided dust.

The formulation is thoroughly mixed with a portion of a commercial protein dairy feed mixture at a rate to provide 0.1% of active ingredient as based on the weight of the feed. Mold growth is prevented for 26 days with only a trace of ammonia evolution. Under similar conditions in an identical but untreated feed sample, mold growth and substantial ammonia evolution are observed after 12 days.

Many of the compounds of this invention can be formulated and mixed with feeds such as that described above, or with newly harvested grains, such as corn or sorghum for the prevention of their spoilage when used as animal feeds.

EXAMPLE 24 Percent Micaceous talc The above ingredients are blended to yield a freely flowing dust.

A uniform field planting ofcantaloupe in North Carolina is selected. Half ofthe field is dusted with the formulation described above at a rate of IO kilograms per hectare. The remaining half of the field is left undusted.

The entire field is inoculated with downy mildew fungus (Pseudopemnosporu cubensis) by spraying a spore suspension onto the foliage as dew was beginning to form. After l5 days, the undusted portion of the field is heavily damaged and some of the plants are dying. The dusted half, however, is healthy and growing rapidly.

EXAMPLE 25 Mixing the above ingredients yields a homogeneous solution which may be used directly in low volume applications or which may be added to water or additional solvent for conventional application.

A uniform field planting of corn is selected. One-half of the field is aerially sprayed with water containing a suspension of the formulation described above to provide a concentration of l kilogram of the active compound of this invention per hectare. The spray is applied biweekly. The remaining half of the field is left unsprayed.

Twelve weeks after the initiation of the test, the corn in the sprayed half of the field is healthy and growing rapidly. In the untreated half, the corn is heavily infected with the leaf blight fungus, Helmintlmsporium maydis. and drastic reduction in yield is clearly evidenced.

EXAMPLE 26 Percent l-Phenyl-2-nitroethyl o-tolyl sulfone l5 Polyoxyethylene ethers and esters 5 Dimcthylformamidc EU The above ingredients are mixed to yield a homogeneous solution particularly suitable for low volume applications. lt may. of course, also be diluted for conventional application.

Eight uniform apple trees of the same variety are selected for testing. Four of these are sprayed at biweekly intervals during the growing season with the above formulation. The spray concentration and rate of application is adjusted to result in a treatment of 2 kilograms of active ingredient per hectare. The other four trees are left unsprayed.

By the end of the season, the unsprayed trees are highly infected with the apple scab fungus. Venlurl'a inuequulis. The trees sprayed with the above formulation are free of apple scab.

Many of the other active compounds of this invention may be substituted one at a time for l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl-o-tolyl sulfone in like amount and applied in like manner with like results.

The following example is typical of useful combinations and mixtures in which the compounds of this invention may be used.

EXAMPLE 27 Percent l-Phenyl-lnitroethyl o-tnlyl sulfone l5 Polyoxyethylene ethers and esters 5 Dimethylformamide 80 A uniform grape vineyard is selected. Alternate rows are sprayed with water containing a mixture of a commercial formulation of Benlate Benomyl Fungicide at a rate of 400 ppm and a formulation of l-phenyl-2- nitroethyl o-tolyl sulfone at a rate of 400 ppm. The spray is applied to run-off at biweekly intervals. The re maining rows are left unsprayed.

EXAMPLE 28 wettable Powder Percent l-Methyl-Zmitroethyl p-methoxyphenyl sulfone dodecylphenol polyethylene glycol ether 2 sodium ligninsulfonate 4 sodium silicoaluminate h montmorillonite (calcined) 23 The ingredients are thoroughly blended. The liquid surfactant is added by spraying upon the solid ingredients in the blender. After grinding in a hammer mill to produce particles essentially all below 100 microns. the material is reblended and sifted through a U.S.Sv No. 50 sieve (0.3 mm opening) and packaged.

The formulation is thoroughly mixed with a portion of a commercial poultry feed mixture at a rate to provide 0.1% of active ingredient as based on the weight of the feed. Mold growth was inhibited for the onemonth storage period. Under similar conditions in an identical but untreated feed sample. mold growth and substantial ammonia evolution are observed after 2| days.

EXAMPLE 29 The formulation of Example 28 is modified by substituting for the p-methoxyphenyl l-methyl-2-nitroethyl sulfone an equivalent quantity of Z-naphthyl l-methyl- Z-nitroethyl sulfone.

This wettable powder is added to transplant water used in watering newly transplanted tobacco plants at a concentration of ppm. This water also contains oxamyl [S-methyl l-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-N [(methylcarbamoyl )oxy lthioformimidate] at a concentration of ppm. lndividual tobacco plants are watered immediately after transplanting with 250 ml of the water containing these compounds. The wettable powder formulation protects the growing plants against invasion by black shank (Phyruplhora parasiticuh and the oxamyl protects against plant parasitic nematodes. Fields of tobacco so treated have a higher number of surviving plants which go on to produce a greater yield of higher quality tobacco leaf. Adjacent untreated fields suffer the ravages of black shank and nematodes with consequent lower yields and poorer quality.

EXAMPLE 30 Aqueous Suspension The ingredients are ground together in a sand mill to produce particles essentially all under 5 microns in size. Three kilograms (active) of this formulation is stirred into 500 liters of water and sprayed into 119,000 meter R is alkyl of l-6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 36 section of open furrow in which beans have just been carbon atoms, alkylcycloalkyl of 47 carbon placed. The bean seeds germinate and develop into a atoms, cycloalkylalkyl of 4-7 carbon atoms, 1- or healthy stand free of infection by both Pythium spp. 5 Z-naphthyl or and R/u'zucmniu .wluni. As a result the treated portion ofthe field produces a much higher yield of beans than X a similar but untreated area in the same field.

EXAMPLE 31 Emulsifiable Concentrate H) Percent wherein p-methoxyphcnyl l-mcthyl-Znitroelhyl sulfone 35.0 h cmnmhemcne 590 X is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl of l 1.. car sorbitan mooostearate and polyoxyethylene 6.0 l5 atoms mtro. 0r oxy of Carbon 11101115;

condensates thereof d Y is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl of l--4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1-4 carbon atoms with the provision that the total number of carbon 20 atoms in X and Y may not exceed 12;

n is 0 or I provided that when R.; is other than aryl,

n is 0 and R must be alkyl of l4 carbon atoms. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein R is alkyl of 1-4 The ingredients are combined and stirred to produce a solution. The product can be emulsified in water for application.

Four kilograms (active) of this formulation are di luted with 600 liters of water and sprayed into a 9000 meter section down furrow into which sugarcane carbon atoms Seed pleces hm'e Just been placed T furrow 3 3. The method of claim 1 wherein R is phenyl and closed. The sugarcane seed pieces in the treated R" is or Zmaphtl'lyl or germinate and grow in a much more uniform fashion than those in a similar but untreated area of the cane field. By controlling Pythium spp. the stand of plants per acre is increased and the yield of sugar obtained from the treated area is greater than that obtained from i a similar but untreated area.

EXAMPLE 32 where X is halogen, methoxy, o-methyl, or m-methyl; t is hydrogen; and n is 0 or I.

Perm" 4. The method of claim 1 wherein R, and R are hydrogen; R is phenyl; R is lor Lnaphthyl or l-mcthylQ-nitroethyl butyl stillone 10 mixed polyo\ \eth \lene ethers and oi|-solublc 4 \ulfonates X \lenc X6 I The ingredients are combined and stirred to yield a y homogeneous solution.

Two kilograms (active) of this formulation are stirred Wham X is halogen methoxy umkthyl or m methy]; into 600 liters of water and sprayed into a 9,000 meter Y i h d and i 0 section ofopen furrow into which bean seeds have just 5. The method f k i 1 whfimin RI and R2 mg each bgfin P The furrow is Closed- The bean Sefids independently hydrogen or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms; germinate and develop into a healthy stand free of in- R3 is alkyi f 1 4 Carbon mums; R4 and R5 are each fection by Pythium spp, and Fusurium .mlum'. As a red d fl h d or l; R; i n f 1 a m sult the treated portion of the field produces a much b atoms l lk l f 3 Carbon atoms or higher yield than a similar untreated portion.

l claim: X l. The method for protecting a locus from damage by fungi comprising applying a fungicidally effective l" amount to the locus to be protected of a compound of l the formula:

f 35 3 where X is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or alk- 2 2 6U oxy of l-4 carbon atoms; and Y IS hydrogen; and it is I i t 0 or l provided that when R,,- is other than aryl, n is 0. Ru n R H 6. The method of claim I wherein the compound is Lmethyl-Zmitroethyl o tolyl sulfone. where 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is R and R are each independently hydrogen or alkyl l-methyl-Z-nitroethyl n-butyl sulfone.

of l-4 carbon atoms; 8. The method of claim I wherein the compound is R; is alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms or phenyl; and Lmethyl-Z-nitroethyl methyl sulfone. R and R are each independently hydrogen or 9. The method of claim I wherein the compound is methyl; l-phenyI-Z-nitroethyl Z-naphthyl sulfonev 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl m-tolyl sulfone.

l I. The method of claim I wherein the compound is l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl m-methoxyphenyl sulfone.

12. A fungicidal composition comprising a fungicid- 5 ally effective amount of a compound of the formula:

R5 R2 R1 wherein X is halogen. methoxy. o-methyl or m-methyl;

Y is hydrogen; and

n is 0 or I provided that when R is other than aryl.

n is 0 and R must be alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms and suitable carriers or diluents.

13. A fungicidal composition ofclaim 12 wherein R is phenyl and R is lor Z-naphthyl or where X is halogen. methoxy. o-methyl or m-methyl; Y is hydrogen; and n is 0 or l.

14. A fungicidal composition of claim 12 wherein the compound is l-methyl-2-nitroethyl o-tolyl sulfone.

15. A fungicidal composition ofclaim 12 wherein the compound is l-methyl-2-nitroethyl n-butyl sulfone.

16. A fungicidal composition of claim 12 wherein the compound is l-methyl-Z-nitroethyl methyl sulfone.

17. A fungicial composition of claim l2 wherein the compound is l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl Z-naphthyl sulfone.

18. A fungicidal composition of claim 12 wherein the compound is l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl m-tolyl sulfone 19. A fungicidal composition of claim 12 wherein the compound is l-phenyl-Z-nitroethyl m-methoxyphenyl sulfone. 

1. THE METHOD FOR PROTECTING A LOCUS FROM DAMAGE BY FUNGI COMPRISING APPLYING A FUNGIIDALLY EFFECTIVE AMOUNT TO THE LOCUS TO BE PROTECTED OF A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA:
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein R3 is alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein R3 is phenyl and R6 is 1- or 2-naphthyl or
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are hydrogen; R3 is phenyl; R6 is 1- or 2-naphthyl or
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms; R3 is alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms; R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen or methyl; R6 is alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms or
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is 1-methyl-2-nitroethyl o-tolyl sulfone.
 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is 1-methyl-2-nitroethyl n-butyl sulfone.
 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is 1-methyl-2-nitroethyl methyl sulfone.
 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is 1-phenyl-2-nitroethyl 2-naphthyl sulfone.
 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is 1-phenyl-2-nitroethyl m-tolyl sulfone.
 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is 1-phenyl-2-nitroethyl m-methoxyphenyl sulfone.
 12. A fungicidal composition comprising a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of the formula:
 13. A fungicidal composition of claim 12 wherein R3 is phenyl and R6 is 1- or 2-naphthyl or
 14. A fungicidal composition of claim 12 wherein the compound is 1-methyl-2-nitroethyl o-tolyl sulfone.
 15. A fungicidal composition of claim 12 wherein the compound is 1-methyl-2-nitroethyl n-butyl sulfone.
 16. A fungicidal composition of claim 12 wherein the compound is 1-methyl-2-nitroethyl methyl sulfone.
 17. A fungicial composition of claim 12 wherein the compound is 1-phenyl-2-nitroethyl 2-naphthyl sulfone.
 18. A fungicidal composition of claim 12 wherein the compound is 1-phenyl-2-nitroethyl m-tolyl sulfone.
 19. A fungicidal composition of claim 12 wherein the compound is 1-phenyl-2-nitroethyl m-methoxyphenyl sulfone. 